Twentieth Century Xinjiang Bibliography

*Please contact me if you have any additions to this list or feel free to leave a comment.
*Book citations link to pages where you can preview or find more information out about the books. Journal citations only link when a digital copy is available.

Audio/Video:

• Otto F. Schoerner, interviewed by Robert Shuster, December 13, 1978. Transcript available: http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/trans/055t01.htm.
• Otto F. Schoerner, interviewed by Robert Shuster, December 13, 1978, and January 31, 1979. Transcript available: http://www.wheaton.edu/bgc/archives/trans/055t02.htm.
• Swedish Mission Project. Compiled by S.L. James.
• Xinjiang Video Project. Compiled by S.L. James.
• Understanding Central Asia. Compiled by S.L. James.

Books, Book Chapters, and Dissertations/Theses:

• Bellér-Hann, Ildikó. Community Matters in Xinjiang, 1880-1949: Towards a Historical Anthropology of the Uyghur. Boston: Brill, 2008.
• Benson, Linda. Across China’s Gobi: The Lives of Evangeline French, Mildred Cable, and Francesca French of the China Inland Mission. Norwalk, CT: EastBridge, 2008.
• Benson, Linda. The Ili Rebellion: The Moslem Challenge to Chinese Authority in Xinjiang, 1944-1949. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1990.
• Benson, Linda and Ingvar Svanberg. China’s Last Nomads: The History and Culture of China’s Kazaks. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1998.
• Bovingdon, Gardner. The Uyghurs: Strangers in Their Own Land. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010.
• Chen, Jack. The Sinkiang Story. New York: MacMillan, 1977.
• Clarke, Michael E. Xinjiang and China’s Rise in Central Asia, 1949-2009: A History. New York: Routledge, 2011.
• Clubb, O. Edmund. China and Russia: The “Great Game”. New York: Columbia University Press, 1971.
• Dautcher, Jay. Down a Narrow Road: Identity and Masculinity in a Uyghur Community in Xinjiang China. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009.
• Dillon, Michael. Xinjiang: China’s Muslim Far Northwest. New York: Routeledge, 2009.
• Dillon, Michael. Xinjiang and the Expansion of Chinese Communist Power: Kashgar in the Twentieth Century. New York: Routledge, 2011.
• Forbes, Andrew D.W. Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republic Sinkiang, 1911-1949. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
• Gao, James Z. “The Call of the Oases: The ‘Peaceful Liberation’ of Xinjiang, 1949-1953.” In Dilemmas of Victory: The Early Years of the People’s Republic of China, edited by Jeremy Brown and Paul G. Pickowicz, 184-204. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008.
• Governing China’s Multiethnic Frontiers. Edited by Morris Rossabi. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2004.
• Hasiotis, Arthur C. Soviet Political, Economic, and Military Involvement in Sinkiang from 1928 to 1949. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1987.
• Holdstock, Nick. The Tree that Bleeds- A Uighur Town on the Edge. Edinburgh: Luath, 2011.
• Hultvull, John. Mission and Revolution in Central Asia: The MCCS Missionary Work in Eastern Turkestan, 1892-1938. Translated by Birgitta Åhman and Linnéa Söderlund.
• Kardos, Amy. “Transformation in China’s Northwest Borderland: The Making of an ‘Immigrant City,’ Shihezi, Xinjiang, 1949-1958.” PhD diss., Cornell University, 2008.
• Lattimore, Owen. Pivot of Asia: Sinkiang and the Inner Asian Frontiers of China. Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1950.
• Lin, Hsiao-ting. Modern China’s Ethnic Frontiers: A Journey to the West. New York: Routledge, 2010.
• Liu Xiaoyuan. Recast All Under Heaven: Revolution, War, Diplomacy, and Frontier China in the 20th Century. New York: Continuum, 2010.
• Lee, Joy R. “The Islamic Republic of Eastern Turkestan and the Formation of Modern Uyghur Identity in Xinjiang.” MA thesis, Kansas State University, 2006.
• The Kazaks of China: Essays on an Ethnic Minority. Edited by Linda Benson and Ingvar Svanberg. Uppsala, Sweden: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 1988.
• McMillen, Donald H. Chinese Communist Power and Policy in Xinjiang, 1949-1977. Boulder: Westview Press, 1979.
• Millward, James. Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.
• Moseley, George. A Sino-Soviet Cultural Frontier: The Ili Kazakh Autonomous Chou. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966.
• Rudelson, Justin J. Oasis Identities: Uyghur Nationalism Along China’s Silk Road. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
• Shichor, Yitzhak. “Ethno-Diplomacy: the Uyghur Hitch in Sino-Turkish Relations.” Honolulu, HI: East-West Center, 2009.
• Situating the Uyghurs between China and Central Asia. Edited by Ildikó Bellér-Hann, M. Cristina Cesàro, Rachel Harris, and Joanne Smith Finley. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2007.
• Studies on Xinjiang Historical Sources in the 17-20th Centuries. Edited by James. A Millward, Shinmen Yasushi, and Sugawara Jun. Tokyo: Tokyo Bunko, 2010.
• Tyler, Christian. Wild West China: The Taming of Xinjiang. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2004.
• Xinjiang: China’s Muslim Borderland. Edited by S. Frederic Starr. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2004.
• Waite, Edmund. Muslims on the Edge of China: Religious Knowledge and Authority Amongst the Uyghurs of Xinjiang. New York: Routledge, 2010.
• Wang, David D. Clouds over Tianshan: Essays on Social Disturbance in Xinjiang in the 1940s. Copenhagen:  Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, 1999.
• Wang, David D. Under the Soviet Shadow: The Yining Incident; Ethnic Conflicts and International Rivalry in Xinjiang, 1944-1949. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 1999.
• Waugh, Daniel C. “Continuity and Change in the Trade of Xinjiang into the 1920s.” In Traders and Trade Routes of Central and Inner Asia: The “Silk Road” Then and Now: Papers Presented at the Central and Inner Asian Seminar, University of Toronto, 13-14 May 2005, edited by Michael Gervers, Uradyn Erden Bulag, and Gillian Long, 127-147. Toronto: Asian Institute, University of Toronto, 2007.
• Whiting, Allen S. and Sheng Shih-ts’ai. Sinkiang: Pawn or Pivot? East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1958.

Journal Articles

• Alptekin, Erkin. “Eastern Turkistan After 32 Years of Exile.” Central Asian Survey 1, no. 4 (April 1983): 149-153.
• Barmin, Valery. “Xinjiang in the History of Soviet-Chinese Relations from 1918-1931.” Far Eastern Affairs 126, no. 4 (1999): 64-77.
• Barmin, Valery. “Xinjiang in the History of Soviet-Chinese Relations from 1937-1946.” Far Eastern Affairs 129, no. 1 (2000): 63-77.
• Benson, Linda. “Ahmetjan Kasimi: a Chinese Paradigm for a Uyghur Cultural Hero.” Central Asian Survey 11, no.3 (1992): 23-49
• Benson, Linda. “China’s Muslims through Western Eyes.” Etudes orientales N° 25 (1ersemestre 2008): 127-142.
• Benson, Linda. “Chinese Communist Party Contacts with the East Turkestan Movement in Xinjiang, 1944-1950.” Central and Inner Asian Studies 6 (1992): 1-15.
• Benson, Linda. “A Much Married Woman: Marriage and Divorce in Xinjiang, 1850-1950.” Muslim      World 83 (3-4) (1993): 227-45.
• Benson, Linda. “Uyghur Politicians in the 1940s: Mehmet Emin Bugra, Isa Yusuf Alptekin and Mesut Sabri.” Central Asian Survey 10 (4): 87-113.
• Benson, Linda and Ingvar Svanberg. “The Russians in Xinjiang: From Immigrants to National Minority.” Central Asian Survey 8, no. 2 (1989): 97-129.
• Bovingdon, Gardner. “Autonomy in Xinjiang: Han Nationalist Imperatives and Uyghur Discontent.” Policy Studies 11. The East-West Center.
• Bovingdon, Gardner. “The History of the History of Xinjiang.” Twentieth-Century China 26 (2): 95- 139.
• Bovingdon, Gardner. “The Not-So-Silent Majority: Uyghur Resistance to Han Rule in Xinjiang.” Modern China 28, no. 1 (January 2002): 39-78.
• Chang Chih-chung [Zhang Zhizhong]. “Dilemma in Sinkiang.” Pacific Affairs 20, no.4 (December 1947):422-429.
• Chang Chih-Yi. “Land Utilization and Settlement Possibilities in Sinkiang.” Geographical Review 39, no. 1 (January 1949): 57-75.
• Dwyer, Arienne M. “The Xinjiang Conflict: Uyghur Identity, Language Policy, and Political Discourse.” Policy Studies 15. The East-West Center.
• Esposito, Bruce. “Economic Development of Xinjiang, 1949-1986.” Asian American Review 5, no. 2: 112-120.
• Fedyshyn, Oleh S. “Soviet Retreat in Sinkiang? Sino-Soviet Rivalry and Cooperation, 1950-1955.” American Slavic and East European Review 16, no. 2 (Apr., 1957): 127-145.
• Field, A.R. “Strategic Development in Sinkiang.” Foreign Affairs 39, no. 2 (Jan., 1961): 312-318.
• Freeberne, Michael. “Demographic and Economic Changes in the Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous Region.” Population Studies 20, no. 1 (Jul., 1966): 103-124.
• Gladney, Dru C. “Constructing a Contemporary Uighur National Identity: Transnationalism, Islamicization, and State Representation.” Cahiers d’etudes sur la Mediterranee orientale et le monde turco-iranien 13, January-June 1992.
• Jacobs, Justin. “How Chinese Turkestan became Chinese: Visualizing Zhang Zhizhong’s Tianshan Pictorial and Xinjiang Youth Song and Dance Troupe.” The Journal of Asian Studies 67 (2008): 545-591.
• Kardos, Amy P. “A New ‘Frontier Thesis’ for the Northwest Chinese Borderlands? The Reinvention of Xinjiang from a Place of Chinese Exile to a Land of Opportunity.” Central Eurasian Studies Review 7, no. 2 (Fall 2008): 7-12.
• Kraus, Charles.  “Creating a Soviet ‘Semi-Colony’? Sino-Soviet Cooperation and its Demise in Xinjiang, 1949-1955.” The Chinese Historical Review 17, no.2 (Fall 2010): 129-165.
• Li Danhui. “Comrades Plus Brothers: Sino-Soviet Border Relations in the 1950s.” In The Cold War History of Sino-Soviet Relations e-Dossier, edited by The Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact (June 2005).
• Li Danhui. “Soviet Nationals and the Soviet Influence in Xinjiang (1949-1965).” Translated by Song Jun. Edited by David Kelly. Social Sciences in China 25 (Spring 2004): 54-65.
• Li Yuhui. “From a Junken City to a Showcase City: The Formation and Development of the City of Shihezi in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China.” The China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly 8, no. 1 (2010): 47-63.
• Lin, Hsiao-ting. “Tribal diplomacy and frontier territoriality in modern China: Hunza and Nationalist China, 1947-1948.” Journal of Modern Chinese History 3, no.1 (June 2009): 27-43.
  
• McMillen, Donald H. “Xinjiang and the Production and Construction Corps: A Han Organisation in a Non-Han Region.” The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, no. 6 (1981): 65-96.
• McMillen, Donald H. “Xinjiang and Wang Enmao: New Directions in Power, Policy and Integration?” The China Quarterly 99 (September 1984): 569-593.
• Millward, James. “Violent Separatism in Xinjiang: A Critical Assessment.” Policy Studies 6. The East-West Center.
• Paxton, Vincoe M. “American Nursing on the Roof of the World.” The American Journal of Nursing 50, no. 11 (November 1950): 698-701.
• Reed III, Lawrence C. “The Role of the People’s Liberation Army in the Expansion and Development of Agriculture in Sinkiang.” The China Geographer 10 (Spring 1978): 13-28.
• Seymour, James D. “Xinjiang’s Production and Construction Corps, and the Sinification of Eastern Turkestan.” Inner Asia 2, no. 2 (2000): 171-193.
• Share, Michael. “The Russian Civil War in Chinese Turkestan, 1918-1921: A Little Known and Explored Front.” Europe-Asia Studies 62, no. 3 (May 2010): 389-420.
• Toops, Stanley. “Demographics and Development in Xinjiang after 1949.” East-West Center Working Papers. No. 1, May 2004.
• Tursun, Nabijan. “The Formation of Modern Uyghur Historiography and Competing Perspectives toward Uyghur History.” China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly 6, no. 3 (2008): 87-100.
• Wang, David D. “An Oasis for Peace: Zhang Zhizhong’s Policy in Xinjiang, 1945-1947.” Central Asian Survey 15, no.3: 413-429.
• “Wang, David D. “Soviet Citizenship in Xinjiang.” Asian Studies Review 19, no. 3 (April 1996): 87-97.
• Wang, David D. “The USSR and the Establishment of the Eastern Turkestan Republic in Xinjiang.”  Jindaishi yanjiusuo jikan 25 (June 1996): 337-278.
• Wang, David. D. “The Xinjiang Question of the 1940s: the Story behind the Sino-Soviet Treaty of August 1945.” Asian Studies Review 21, no.1 (1997): 83–105.

Waugh, Daniel C. (2007): Continuity and Change in the Trade of Xinjiang into the 1920s. In: Michael Gervers, Uradyn Erden Bulag, Gillian Long (eds.): Traders and Trade Routes of Central and Inner Asia: The “Silk Road” Then and Now. Papers Presented at the Central and Inner Asia Seminar, University of Toronto, 13-14 May 2005. Toronto: Asian Institute, University of Toronto. pp. 127-147.